Dr. Nicolas Schneider | Chercheur associé

Pensées critiques au pluriel. Approches conceptuelles de la recherche en sciences sociales
Centre Marc Bloch, Friedrichstraße 191, D-10117 Berlin
Email: nicolas.schneider  ( at )  cmb.hu-berlin.de Tél: +49(0) 30 / 20 93 70700

Institution principale : Leuphana Universität Lüneburg | Position : Chercheur postdoctoral | Discipline : Philosophie , Sciences sociales , Science Politique |

Biographie

2021 PhD Philosophy, Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, Kingston University London, UK

2014 MSc European Studies, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK

2013 BSc Sciences Sociales, Universität zu Köln, Allemagne

Bourse

2016-2019 Kingston University Studentship

2020 Bourse fin de thèse, Centre Marc Bloch

2022 Bourse rédaction projet postdoc, Centre Marc Bloch

Sujet de recherche

Résistance entre concept et phénomène

Titre de la thèse
The Place of Resistance in Phenomenology and Critical Theory: Thinking opposition after Kant
Résumé de la thèse

This thesis explores the philosophical ambiguity and reflexivity of resistance through an investigation of its place. The place of resistance becomes relevant as the intersection of diverse manifestations of resistance and the conceptual reflection through which they come to be explained. Place here denotes a moment of orientation in which reflection and determination coincide and which produces the opposition between resistance and that to which it resists. For my investigation into the structure of this place and its ambiguous entanglement within that to which it resists, I draw on the confrontation between Heideggerian phenomenology and Frankfurt School critical theory and their respective readings of Kant. I ground my argument in an analysis of Kant’s critique of amphiboly in the Critique of Pure Reason. In Kant’s argumentative strategy to counter the amphibolous use of the understanding, I identify two conflicting directions that find expression in the entwinement of reflection and determination in ‘transcendental place’. I contend that Kant’s argument relies on an experience of incongruity that remains external to the philosophical argument, and that this pattern is instructive for understanding the place of resistance. I flesh out the nexus of philosophy and politics thus opened up by tracing the persistence and transformation of amphiboly in Heidegger’s philosophy and Reiner Schürmann’s reading of it. While Heidegger politicises place by turning it into the concrete standpoint from which to oppose modernity, Schürmann reflexively historicises place as the conflictual temporal site of philosophy and politics characterised by a discordant double bind. To further contrast Heidegger’s determination of place as concrete, I then turn to the status of abstraction in the constitution of the place of resistance. With reference to Alfred Sohn-Rethel and Moishe Postone, I argue that any opposition conceived on the basis of a concrete standpoint risks obliterating the abstractions that underpin even what presents itself as most concrete. While Sohn-Rethel’s affirmation of production remains in thrall to the capitalist metaphysics of labour, Postone’s notion of a dynamic concrete-abstract antinomy contributes an important dimension to the conceptual framework for the analysis of the place of resistance. I put Postone’s critique of simple opposition to work by analysing antisemitism as a form of opposition that fails to construct a resistant standpoint, arguing that the paranoid mode of thinking driving antisemitism can be understood in terms of amphiboly and that it plays a crucial role in the reproduction of modern capitalist society. In conclusion, and to contrast antisemitism, I bring together Schürmann’s and Postone’s emphases on the temporal character of modern capitalist domination to briefly sketch an emancipatory orientation of resistance that challenges amphiboly based on a twofold provisional judgement in and on time.

Institution de la thèse
Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, Kingston University London
Directeur de thèse
Howard Caygill, Peter Hallward

A philosophical and political history of diremption

Dans La Différence entre les systèmes philosophiques de Fichte et de Schelling le jeune Hegel situe le « besoin de la philosophie » dans une « division en deux » (Entzweiung) de l’esprit. Ce concept, qui sera repris, entre autres, par Karl Marx et Herbert Marcuse, Joachim Ritter et Gillian Rose, fait référence à une position historique où la rupture devient la force motrice des processus sociaux et intellectuels. Comme d’autres notions hégeliennes, telle que l’extériorisation (Entäußerung) et l’aliénation (Entfremdung), qui seront centrale pour la critique de l’économie politique, la division en deux, bien qu’un concept négatif évoquant la perte d’unité, indique aussi la promesse d’un dépassement des ruptures. Mais si la dynamique de la division en deux, le jeu entre perte et promesse d’unité, avait effectivement pour conséquence sa propre reproduction et même son renforcement ? Le projet de recherche examine cette question à partir de la tentative de Gillian Rose d’articuler une « histoire politique de la division en deux ».
Publications

Article:

'The Place of Marx in Reiner Schürmann’s Work: On the Tenacious Life of Ghosts', Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, Volume 42, Issue 1, 2021, 117–148.

Reviews:

'Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson, The Politics of Operations: Excavating Contemporary Capitalism', Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, Volume 41, Issue 1, 2020, 326–329.

'Utopia from Thomas More to Walter Benjamin, by Miguel Abensour', LSE Review of Books, 2018, here.

Edited:

Possibilities of Place in Continental Thought: Critique, Politics, Philosophy, with Jussi Palmusaari, London: Bloomsbury, in press (2024).

Reiner Schürmann, Diskordanz der Zeiten. Zurich: diaphanes, 2024.

Reiner Schürmann, Reading Marx. On Transcendental Materialism, eds. Nicolas Schneider & Malte Fabian Rauch, Zurich: diaphanes, 2021.

Reiner Schürmann, Tomorrow the Manifold. Essays on Foucault, Anarchy, and the Singularization to Come, eds. Nicolas Schneider & Malte Fabian Rauch, Zurich: diaphanes, 2019.

Translations:

Reiner Schürmann, Diskordanz der Zeiten. Zurich: diaphanes, 2024.[de l'anglais]

Coralie Camilli, Kampfkunst Leipzig: Merve, 2021. [Orig. L'art du combat, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2020.]

Jürgen Habermas, 'The Story of the Two Revolutions'. Philosophy Today, 64:2 (2020), 493–498. [Orig. 'Die Geschichte von den zwei Revolutionen', Merkur 20:218 (1966), 479–482.]